Are you planning on going solar? Purchasing a solar panels for your home may appear complicated, but it is as simple as purchasing a new smartphone. A same technique is suitable to investing in a solar plant, much as we perform extensive study before purchasing electrical devices. The market provides a various types of solar panels, each with its own set of benefits and downsides. Before we get into the intricacies of these panels, let’s first understand what is solar panels are and how they work.
All solar panels share the common purpose of converting solar energy into electricity. Comprising numerous individual solar cells, the most commonly used solar pv panels are the 72-cell and 60-cell types, with sizes of 2m x 1m and 1.6m x 1m, respectively. These solar cells consist of layers of silicon (acting as a semiconductor), phosphorous (with a negative charge), and boron (with a positive charge). When sunlight, composed of energy particles called “photons,” strikes the panel’s surface, it dislodges electrons from the silicon, initiating a directional electric current. This current flows through silver busbars and fingers printed on the silicon cells, resulting in the production of energy through the Photovoltaic Effect.
Monocrystalline panels also known as single crystal panels, these are crafted from pure silicon crystal sliced into wafers. Monocrystalline panels are identifiable by their black or dark blue color, reflecting their composition of pure silicon. Within this category, there is a technology known as Half Cut cells, where square cells are halved, increasing overall power generation.
Comprising multiple silicon crystals, these pv modules are made from melted silicon fragments poured into square molds. Polycrystalline panels are recognizable by their square-shaped cells and shining blue hue with straight edges.
Also known as ‘rear cells,’ PERC panels incorporate advanced technology by adding a layer on the back of solar cells. This additional layer allows unabsorbed sunlight to be absorbed again from the rear side, enhancing efficiency.
Unlike monocrystalline and polycrystalline panels, thin-film panels use photovoltaic substances like Amorphous silicon, copper indium gallium selenide (CIGS), and cadmium telluride (CdTe). These substances are deposited onto surfaces such as glass, metal, or plastic, making them lightweight and easy to install.
Understanding the different types of solar panels also involves knowing their prices. The cost of solar panels in India can vary based on the panel’s type, brand, quality, and size. There are various types of PV modules, including crystalline silicon-based (both poly and mono) and thin-film solar cells, as well as newer hybrid versions.
Here’s an approximate estimate of the prices of different types of solar panels available in India:
The price of a monocrystalline solar panel in India typically ranges from INR 8,000 to INR 52,000, depending on the required wattage for homes or businesses. While it may be more expensive than polycrystalline solar panels, it boasts higher efficiency, especially in low-light conditions.
A polycrystalline solar panel usually costs between INR 6,000 and INR 10,000 for commercial purposes in India, while a single sheet starts at around INR 400. Polycrystalline panels offer a lower efficiency rate but are a cost-effective choice.
The cost of PERC solar panels in India varies depending on several factors, including panel capacity, brand reputation, and installation charges. Typically, the price per watt ranges from INR 30 to INR 70, with an average of around INR 40 per watt. This translates to a cost of approximately INR 38,000 to INR 50,000 for a 1 kW solar panel system.
The price of a single sheet of thin-film solar panels ranges from INR 1,500 to INR 15,000, with some starting as low as INR 100, depending on the quality, brand, and efficiency. In comparison to crystalline solar panels, thin-film solar panels are significantly more affordable.
| Particulars | Monocrystalline | Polycrystalline | Mono-PERC | Thin-film |
| Cost in India | High | Medium | Highest | Lower |
| Efficiency | High | Medium | Highest | Less |
| Appearance | Black/ Darker colour with octagonal shape | Blue colour with square edges | Black and rounded edges | Depends on the variant |
| Advantages | Energy efficient Heat resistant | Affordable Less wastage | Most efficient Less space required | Lowest installation cost Lightweight |
| Disadvantages | Expensive High carbon footprint | Low heat resistance Lower energy efficiency | Most expensive | Shorter life span Lower efficiency |
Solar panels are rated in Watt peak (Wp), representing the peak DC power generated under standard testing conditions. Mono-PERC panels, combining monocrystalline silicon cells with PERC technology, have the highest power rating among commercially available solar panels, reaching up to 540 Wp DC power. Polycrystalline solar panels typically range from 320 to 370 Wp. Thin-film solar panels, while not commonly used in commercial or residential applications, find application in large utility-scale power plants.
The choice of solar panels depends on various factors, including efficiency, cost, available space, and specific needs. Mono-PERC panels with Half Cut cells are considered advanced and efficient, suitable for maximizing capacity in a limited area. Polycrystalline panels, being more affordable, are chosen when cost and sufficient rooftop space are priorities. Thin-film panels, with their lightweight and flexibility, are ideal for large open spaces but have a lower lifespan and are not commonly used for residential installations.
In conclusion, selecting the proper types of solar panel for your home may appear difficult, but making an informed decision that considers the pros and disadvantages of each option can ease the process.
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